When observing small worms under a microscope, one might observe something very surprising: the worms appear to make a sweeping motion to clean their own environment. Physicists at the University of ...

Abstract: Reservoir Computing (RC) is a time-efficient computational paradigm derived from Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The Simple Cycle Reservoir (SCR) is an RC model that stands out for its ...

We walk through an optimization problem step by step, clearly explaining how to identify variables, set up the correct function, apply derivatives, and find maximum or minimum values. Each step is ...

Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Simulated Annealing, Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm,Immune Algorithm, Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm, Differential Evolution and TSP(Traveling ...

Python has become one of the most popular programming languages out there, particularly for beginners and those new to the hacker/maker world. Unfortunately, while it’s easy to get something up and ...

Machine learning models are increasingly applied across scientific disciplines, yet their effectiveness often hinges on heuristic decisions such as data transformations, training strategies, and model ...

Cosmologists have traced the Big Bang’s earliest moments with great care, from the explosive inflation that set spacetime in motion to the period of newborn atomic nuclei known as primordial ...

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, prevailing RLVR methods exhibit a systematic bias toward ...