One of the most important measurements we make while tuning an engine is finding out what the actual balance of air and fuel was inside the engine. It doesn’t matter if we have a carburetor, port ...

Oxygen sensors detect the amount of oxygen in the exhaust. Oxygen sensors usually don’t have a replacement schedule. A bad oxygen sensor can be diagnosed with a code reader or scan tool. A car’s ...

Targeted genetic engineering in many important model systems and in human tissue culture cells has historically been challenging. This has changed dramatically over the past 5 years with the ...

Abstract: In this study, an improved heterodyne demodulation quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (IHD-QEPAS) gas sensor is demonstrated, employing an erbium-doped fiber (EDF)-ring laser for the ...