Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a cornerstone of computational biology, facilitating the exploration of functional, structural and evolutionary relationships among biological sequences.

The hidden Markov model (HMM), a statistical model widely applied in machine learning, has proven effective in addressing various problems in ...

Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest sci-tech news updates. Open-access databases such as the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) contain more than 2.4 million bacterial genomes, and this number ...