Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Covariance indicates the relationship ...

What is Pearson correlation test, Pearson product moment correlation or Pearson r? Pearson’s correlation helps us understand the relationship between two quantitative variables when the relationship ...

In the first case, there is a strong upward-sloping relationship between X and Y; in the second case, no apparent relationship; in the third case, a strong downward-sloping relationship. Note the ...

Correlation coefficients range from -1 to +1, indicating the strength of relationships between variables. Investors use correlation coefficients for portfolio diversification to reduce risk.

Years ago, our firm employed a junior investment analyst who left us for supposedly greener pastures. In his exit interview, he told me he was leaving in part because he was great at picking ...

A procedure is described for estimating the correlation between two variables that, individually, can only be observed through destructive testing. The procedure involves proof loading a unit in one ...